API Schemas

Anything that a WebExtension API exposes to extensions via Javascript is described by the API’s schema. The format of API schemas uses some of the same syntax as JSON Schema. JSON Schema provides a way to specify constraints on JSON documents and the same method is used by WebExtensions to specify constraints on, for example, parameters passed to an API function. But the syntax for describing functions, namespaces, etc. is all ad hoc. This section describes that syntax.

An individual API schema consists of structured descriptions of items in one or more namespaces using a structure like this:

[
  {
    "namespace": "namespace1",
    // declarations for namespace 1...
  },
  {
    "namespace": "namespace2",
    // declarations for namespace 2...
  },
  // other namespaces...
]

Most of the namespaces correspond to objects available to extensions Javascript code under the browser global. For example, entries in the namespace example are accessible to extension Javascript code as properties on browser.example. The namespace "manifest" is handled specially, it describes the structure of WebExtension manifests (i.e., manifest.json files). Manifest schemas are explained in detail below.

Declarations within a namespace look like:

{
  "namespace": "namespace1",
  "types": [
    { /* type definition */ },
    ...
  ],
  "properties": {
    "NAME": { /* property definition */ },
    ...
  },
  "functions": [
    { /* function definition */ },
    ...
  ],
  "events": [
    { /* event definition */ },
    ...
  ]
}

The four types of objects that can be defined inside a namespace are:

  • types: A type is a re-usable schema fragment. A common use of types is to define in one place an object with a particular set of typed fields that is used in multiple places in an API.

  • properties: A property is a fixed Javascript value available to extensions via Javascript. Note that the format for defining properties in a schema is different from the format for types, functions, and events. The next subsection describes creating properties in detail.

  • functions and events: These entries create functions and events respectively, which are usable from Javascript by extensions. Details on how to implement them are later in this section.

Implementing a fixed Javascript property

A static property is made available to extensions via Javascript entirely from the schema, using a fragment like this one:

[
  "namespace": "myapi",
  "properties": {
    "SOME_PROPERTY": {
     "value": 24,
     "description": "Description of my property here."
    }
  }
]

If a WebExtension API with this fragment in its schema is loaded for a particular extension context, that extension will be able to access browser.myapi.SOME_PROPERTY and read the fixed value 24. The contents of value can be any JSON serializable object.

Schema Items

Most definitions of individual items in a schema have a common format:

{
  "type": "SOME TYPE",
  /* type-specific parameters... */
}

Type-specific parameters will be described in subsequent sections, but there are some optional properties that can appear in many different types of items in an API schema:

  • description: This string-valued property serves as documentation for anybody reading or editing the schema.

  • permissions: This property is an array of strings. If present, the item in which this property appears is only made available to extensions that have all the permissions listed in the array.

  • unsupported: This property must be a boolean. If it is true, the item in which it appears is ignored. By using this property, a schema can define how a particular API is intended to work, before it is implemented.

  • deprecated: This property must be a boolean. If it is true, any uses of the item in which it appears will cause a warning to be logged to the browser console, to indicate to extension authors that they are using a feature that is deprecated or otherwise not fully supported.

Describing constrained values

There are many places where API schemas specify constraints on the type and possibly contents of some JSON value (e.g., the manifest property name must be a string) or Javascript value (e.g., the first argument to browser.tabs.get() must be a non-negative integer). These items are defined using JSON Schema. Specifically, these items are specified by using one of the following values for the type property: boolean, integer, number, string, array, object, or any. Refer to the documentation and examples at the JSON Schema site for details on how these items are defined in a schema.